Chapter 5
Poverty
Reading Passage
Leaving No One Behind
[1] How much money do you need to live? Could you live on only two hundred yen a day? Perhaps you could survive, but you would not be able to afford all of the things you need to live a healthy, fulfilling life. Poverty is a situation in which a person struggles to afford daily necessities, and, according to the World Bank, it affects nearly half the world’s population. It is such a big problem that the first goal of the SDGs is to end poverty.
[2] There are approximately 700 million people around the world currently living in absolute poverty. This means that they are living on less than 1.9 US dollars a day. These people cannot pay for even the most basic human needs such as water, food, and clothing. Of course, they cannot afford an education, making it difficult for the next generation to escape poverty. Women—especially single mothers—and children are particularly vulnerable, and external factors such as war and natural disasters only add to the challenge of surviving from day to day.
[3] Why are so many people living in poverty while others enjoy a life of wealth? One of the major reasons is that global trade is unequal and heavily favors developed countries. Developing countries often do not have advanced technology or a skilled workforce. As a result, their industrial output is often limited to low-priced exports such as lumber, mined raw materials, and cheap agricultural products. These countries cannot afford to improve the infrastructures necessary to develop their economies. Thus, the economic gap between developing and developed countries widens as this cycle continues.
[4] Wealthy countries are not free from poverty. Nowadays, about one in seven people in Japan lives in relative poverty. This means that their annual income is less than half the approximate national median income, or less than 1.2 million yen a year. More than half of single-parent households in Japan live in relative poverty. Single parents must not only work but must also do the housework and take care of the children by themselves. As a result, by comparison with other households, their household incomes are relatively low. Furthermore, some children may not have a home environment that stimulates their education or may face other disadvantages.
[5] In Japan, some community residents, NPOs, and local governments are taking action to reduce the effects of poverty. They have started programs such as the Kodomo Shokudo(“Children’s Cafeteria”), providing children with free or low-cost meals and other services. Such programs are often staffed by student volunteers who not only feed the children but also spend time with them and help them learn. Foodbanks, where people can donate unused food to the needy, are also becoming more common. By only giving a little of our own time and resources, we can make a real difference and help the vulnerable members of our society. We must all do our part to make sure that “no one is left behind.”